The table below compares key features and enhancements introduced in Java 8, Java 11, Java 17, and the expected Java 21 release. Each version has brought notable improvements in language features, security, performance, and modularity, catering to the evolving needs of Java developers.
| Feature | Java 8 | Java 11 | Java 17 | Java 21 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Release Year | 2014 | 2018 | 2021 | 2023 |
| LTS Version | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Language Features | Lambdas, Streams, Java.time API | Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters, HTTP Client API, Flight Recorder, Epsilon Garbage Collector | Pattern Matching for instanceof, Sealed Classes, Records, Vector API | Records Enhancement, Second Preview feature for Pattern Matching, Production Ready for Guidelines |
| Security Enhancements | - | TLS 1.3, Certificate Transparency, Key Agreement APIs | Aligned RSA PKCS#1 to RFC 8017, Additional Certificate Formats, New KeyStore Mechanisms | Opaque Predicates in java.util, Enhanced Password Hash, Updated certificate formats |
| Performance Improvements | - | Low Latency Z Garbage Collector, Epsilon Garbage Collector, Enhanced Graal Compiler | Java HTTP/2 Client Push, Graal as the JIT compiler, JMH Microbenchmarking | Continuous Appraisal Enhancements, Ongoing JIT Compilation Review |
| Modularity | Introduces modularity with the module system | Resolve modules and dependencies more efficiently | Jigsaw enhances the module system | Concurrency modules reviewed and updated |
| APIs | JavaFX included | JavaFX removed, HTTP Client added | ||
| Tool Support | May require updates for newer plugins and tools | Enhanced tooling support |